Opinions: Cross Examinations and B&O Taxes

State v. Martin, No. 83709-1. Timothy Martin appeals his convictions for kidnapping and robbery. During his trial, a prosecutor's questions implied that Martin, who had previously read the evidence against him, had tailored his testimony to be consistent with that evidence. Martin appealed, alleging a violation of his rights under article I, section 22, of the Washington State Constitution. The Court of Appeals held article I, section 22, to be coextensive with the Sixth Amendment as it applies here according to Gunwall and, based on the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Portundo v. Agard (2000), affirmed the trial court.

The Washington Supreme Court disagrees with the Court of Appeals Gunwall analysis and thus with their reliance on Portundo. However, the Court agrees with the result reached by the Court of Appeals. When a defendant chooses to testify, prosecutors are free to challenge the defendant's credibility as with any other witness. Even Justice Ginsberg's dissent in Portundo indicated that she would allow such questions during cross examination (in Portundo, the suggestion that the defendant had tailored his testimony was made during the prosecution's closing argument).

The Court affirms the result reached by the Court of Appeals and embraces Justice Ginsberg's position in Portundo. Justice Alexander wrote for the Court, and the opinion was signed by four other Justices. Justice Stephens, with Justices Chambers and Fairhurst, concurs in the result, but only because she would find the prosecutor's questions here to have been harmless error. Justice Pro Tem. Sanders dissents and would put this area of the defendant's credibility beyond the reach of cross examination. (briefs, argument)

Washington Imaging Servs., LLC v. Dep't of Revenue, No. 84101-2. Washington Imaging is a medical imaging company that contracts with Overlake Imaging Associates, whose doctors interpret the images. Washington Imaging challenges a Department of Revenue decision that Washington Imaging owes Business and Occupation taxes on the money it receives from patients and then pays to Overlake Imaging Associates. The trial court granted summary judgment to the Department. It found that Washington Imaging was not acting as the agent of its patients in paying Overlake Imaging Associates, thus the payments in question were revenue subject to B&O tax. The Court of Appeals reversed that decision. The Supreme Court reinstates the trial court's grant of summary judgment. The Chief Justice wrote for a unanimous Court. (briefs, argument)

New cases accepted for review

The Supreme Court granted several petitions for review during its February 9 conference.

  • State v. Robinson, No. 83525-0
  • State v. Barber, No. 83640-0
  • State v. Coucil, No. 83654-0
  • Jackowski v. Hawkins Poe, Inc., No. 83660-4
  • Whatcom County Fire Dist. No. 21 v. Whatcom County, No. 83611-6
  • State v. Millan, No. 83613-2
  • State v. Ford, No. 83617-5
  • City of Seattle v. May, No. 83677-9
  • State v. Martin, No. 83709-1
  • Blair v. TA-Seattle East #176, No. 83715-5
  • Hardee v. DSHS, No. 83728-7

State v. Robinson, No. 83525-0. Michael Robinson was convicted of residential burglary, theft of a firearm, first degree unlawful possession of a firearm, first degree theft, and unlawful possession of methamphetamine while armed with a firearm. He appealed, and the Court of Appeals (Div. 2) reversed his conviction for unlawful possession of methamphetamine while armed with a firearm conviction, while affirming the remaining convictions. The Supreme Court has agreed to review only the issue of whether police conducted a lawful search.

State v. Barber, No. 83640-0. Danny Barber pleaded guilty, pursuant to a plea agreement, to felony driving under the influence of intoxicants. The trial court sentenced him to 51 months of confinement, with no community custody. Subsequently, the Department of Corrections informed the court that a mandatory term of 9 to 18 months of community custody applied to Barber’s crime of felony DUI, but DOC recommended no community custody. The court stated it was not bound by a plea agreement and modified Barber’s judgment and sentence to add a term of 9 to 18 months of community custody. The Court of Appeals (Div. 2) held that the trial court had the authority to modify the sentence.

State v. Coucil, No. 83654-0. Nikeemia Coucil was arrested and charged with felony harassment after threatening to kill Paul Carlson. He failed to appear at a hearing on the charge. Eventually arrested and convicted of a lesser charge of misdemeanor harassment, Coucil was also convicted of bail jumping. Coucil argued that as he was convicted of a misdemeanor, his bail jumping conviction should have been sentenced as a misdemeanor. The Court of Appeals (Div. 1) disagreed, holding that for sentencing purposes bail jumping is classified according to the underlying charge at the time the defendant jumps bail—not according to the ultimate conviction.

Jackowski v. Hawkins Poe, Inc., No. 83660-4. Timothy and Eri Jackowski purchased a waterfront home in Mason County in 2004. Following landslide damages to the house, the Jackowskis sued the seller, the seller’s agent, and their own real estate agent, alleging fraud and misrepresentation. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the defendants. The Court of Appeal (Div. 2) affirmed in part and reversed in part, dismissing all claims against the seller’s real estate agency, reinstating the purchaser’s statutory and common law claims against their own agent, and reversomg dismissal of the breach of contract claims against the sellers as they were not properly before the trial court. The Supreme Court granted the petitions for review of both the sellers and the purchaser’s agent.

Whatcom County Fire Dist. No. 21 v. Whatcom County, No. 83611-6. Although a fire district asserted it was not equipped to serve more new structures, the county’s comprehensive development plan stated the fire district was able to provide adequate services based on its current taxing abilities. As a result, a hearing officer determined the fire district was precluded from asserting a lack of ability to do so on a project by project basis. The superior court reversed. The Court of Appeals (Div. I) ruled against the fire district and reinstated the permit approvals, holding that the evidence was substantial and sufficient to support the examiner’s finding that fire district had capacity to provide services to new developments.

State v. Millan, No. 83613-2. Defendant Francisco Millan was convicted of first degree unlawful possession of a firearm. Police had responded to a report that a man and woman were fighting in a car. The police arrested Millan and seized the firearm they found during the search of the vehicle incident to his arrest. On appeal, Millian argued that under Arizona v. Gant the search of his vehicle was unlawful. The Court of Appeals (Div. 2) held that Millan had waived his right to appeal the adminssion of evidence seized during the search by failing to file a motion to suppress. The Supreme Court is consolidating this case with State v. Robinson, No. 83525-0.

State v. Ford, No. 83617-5. Tyrone Ford was convicted of second and third degree child rape. The different degrees reflected that the victim was 13 years old during the first incident and 14 years old during the second incident. The Court of Appeals (Div. 2) reversed the first count but upheld the conviction for third degree child rape. The Court held that sending the jury back to the jury room to fill in a blank verdict form relating to second degree rape charge was manifest error affecting defendant’s right to fair trial; the trial court did not err by allowing state to amend alleged dates of charged incidents in information to conform to proof at trial; statements by two prospective jurors about their experiences with sexual abuse did not violate defendant’s right to impartial jury; and defense counsel did not perform deficiently in connection with prospective jurors’ discussions of those experiences.

City of Seattle v. May, No. 83677-9. Robert May was convicted for violation of a permanent domestic violence protection order. The Court of Appeals (Div. 1) held the order was facially valid.

State v. Martin, No. 83709-1. Timothy Martin was convicted of kidnapping and robbery charges. On appeal, Martin argued that the prosecutor’s questions concerning his opportunity to tailor his testimony to the evidence introduced at trial infringed his rights under article I, section 22 of the Washington Constitution to be present at trial, to meet witnesses face to face, and to testify in his behalf. The Court of Appeals (Div. 1) disagreed, noting that the federal constitution permits a jury to consider a defendant’s opportunity to tailor testimony, and that the questions were allowable under the Washington Constitution.

Blair v. TA-Seattle East #176, No. 83715-5. Maureen Blair, a commercial truck driver, was injured when she slipped and fell in a puddle of spilled gasoline at truck stop. She sued the truck stop operator. The trial court struck several of Blair’s witnesses, including her expert medical witnesses, as a sanction for Blair’s willful violations of the trial court’s discovery orders. The Court of Appeals (Div. 1) held that the trial court acted within its discretion. As causation could not be established without expert medical testimony, the trial court properly dismissed the case in the truck stop’s favor.

Hardee v. DSHS, No. 83728-7. The Department of Early Learning revoked Kathleen Hardee’s license to operate a home daycare after the Department learned that Hardee’s 19-year-old son was accused of molesting a child he was babysitting. (The child did not attend the daycare and the incident did not take place at the daycare.) In revoking Hardee’s license, the Department cited a number of other incidents involving her son. The Court of Appeals (Div. 1) affirmed the revocation.