First woman Washington Supreme Court justice honored

The  Legacy Project recently honored former Washington State Supreme Court Justice Carolyn Dimmick for her role as the first woman to serve on the state Supreme Court. Carolyn Dimmick has served as a judge since 1965. The state’s first female governor, Dixy Lee Ray, elevated Dimmick to the Supreme Court in 1981. In 1985, President Ronald Reagan appointed Dimmick to the U.S. District Court in Seattle, where she serves on senior status at the age of 79.

The Legacy Project publishes oral histories and biographies of individuals instrumental in shaping Washington state history.

In a separate ceremony on March 27,  a plaque was unveiled in Olympia to mark the 100th anniversary of the state Legislature's decision to give women the right to vote. A vote by an all-male electorate in 2010 ratified the Legislature's authorization. Justice Debra Stephens, the newest member of the Supreme Court, spoke at the event. "The fight for women's suffrage is a reminder that all things worth fighting for take hard work, passion and time," she said.

This week at the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court will consider several petitions for review on March 31. One or more rulings may be issued April 2. Last week the court concluded its Winter Term; oral arguments will resume in May.

Today at the Court, March 26, 2009

The Court today issued opinions in two criminal cases and will hear argument in two cases.

Opinions

State v. Kirwin, No. 80113-4. Police arrested Dennis Kirwin for littering (he tossed a beer can out his truck window), then searched Kirwin's truck and found meth. State law makes littering only a civil infraction, which cannot result in an arrest, but Olympia deems it a misdemeanor. Kirwin challenged the city littering ordinance, arguing that it was unconstitutionally in conflict with the state statute. In a majority opinion by Justice Fairhurst and signed by Justices Alexander, C. Johnson, Chambers, Owens, and J. Johnson, the court upholds the ordinance and hence the arrest and the search. In a concurrence, Justice Madsen suggests that the ordinance may well be invalid under Article I, section 12, of the Washington State Constitution, but would not reach the question because it was not raised by Kirwin. Justice Sanders dissents, agreeing in part with Justice Madsen and disagreeing that the search was a lawful search incident to arrest. (Case briefs and argument.)


State v. Wright, No. 78465-5, & State v. Bryant, No. 78788-3 (consolidated). Justice Madsen writes for a six-member majority and holds that retrying defendants Wright and Bryant for murder is not barred by double jeopardy. "Because the defendants' convictions were reversed on grounds other than insufficient evidence, and because they have not been expressly or impliedly acquitted of intentional murder, they remain in the same jeopardy as attached at the first trial." Justice Sanders dissents, joined by Alexander and Chambers, arguing for a stronger interpretation of the double jeopardy clause. (Case briefs and arguments.)

Oral Arguments (briefs)

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Tomorrow's opinions

The Supreme Court will issue at least two rulings tomorrow.

State v. Kirwin, No. 80113-4. The petitioner Dennis Kirwin was arrested after a police officer observed him littering. After arresting Kirwin, the officer searched his car and discovered methamphetamine. Under state law, littering is a civil infraction, punishable by fine, and cannot result in an arrest. Olympia Municipal Code, however, makes littering a misdemeanor. Kirwin argues that his arrest and subsequent search were unlawful, and that any evidence obtained following the arrest is inadmissible against him. (Case briefs and argument.)

State v. Wright, No. 78465-5, & State v. Bryant, No. 78788-3 (consolidated). Whether the double jeopardy clause applies. In this case, Oliver Wright was originally charged with both second-degree intentional murder and second-degree felony murder, but was convicted only of felony murder. More than ten years after the jury found him guilty, Wright's murder conviction was vacated by the Washington Supreme Court. In re Personal Restraint of Hinton, 152 Wn.2d 853 (2004). On remand, the trial court dismissed a new charge of second-degree intentional murder, ruling that the charge violated double jeopardy. State v. Bryant presents a similar legal question. (Case briefs and arguments.)

Watch yesterday's oral arguments

Video of the March 24 oral arguments are now available on TVW.

State v. Gonzalez, No. 26070-4. Jeff Goldstein argued for the appellant, Theresa Chen argued for the state. 

Links to the other arguments after the jump.

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Today at the Court

Today the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral arguments in four cases. The issues in the cases include community versus separate property, double jeopardy, a Consumer Protection Act claim, and shareholder lawsuits. (Docket schedule, case briefs)

During the morning session, starting at 9:00 a.m., argument will be heard in:

In re the Estate of Borghi, No. 80925-9. This case is on appeal from Division One Court of Appeals, and concerns a probate dispute over whether a parcel of real property is community or separate property. The Court must decide whether real property contracted for before marriage remains the separate property of the purchasing spouse, even though the property deed was issued after the marriage and names both spouses.

State v. Gonzalez, No. 26070-4. On appeal from Division Three Court of Appeals, this case originated in Grant County Superior Court. It concerns a question of double jeopardy, i.e. punishing a person twice for the same crime. The Court must decide whether state statutes allow a restitution order to be amended beyond the statutory period, whether under the state and federal constitutions a restitution order is by nature a criminal "punishment," and if it is, whether the amended order constitutes two separate punishments. (More information on the double jeopardy clause in Article I, Section 9 of the state constitution, from our Constitution Guide.)

During the afternoon session, starting at 1:30 p.m., argument will be heard in:

Ambach v. French County, No. 81107-5. This case is on appeal from Division Three Court of Appeals. It concerns a complaint filed under Washington's Consumer Protection Act for a surgery that went bad. The plaintiff seeks recovery of economic damages, and the question before the Court is whether her damages constitute injury to "business or property" under the Act.

In re F5 Networks, Inc., No. 81817-7. This case is a request for clarification from the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington. The District Court wants to know how to interpret Washington law for a situation where a group of shareholders brought a lawsuit (a derivative action) on behalf of a corporation against its officers for alleged backdating of stock options and insider trading. The shareholders did not first demand that the corporate board take action, so the question is (1) whether they were excused from making that normally required step if such a demand would have been futile, and (2) would futility be shown by board approval of the backdating?

You can read Mike's "This week at the Court" post from yesterday for further details about these cases.

 

This week at the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court may release one or more opinions on March 26.

Oral arguments are scheduled for the following cases.

March 24, 2009 (case briefs)

In re the Estate Borghi, No. 80925-9. Does real property purchased by a contract executed before marriage remained the separate property of the purchasing spouse even though the fulfillment deed, issued after the marriage, named both spouses? Robert and Jeannette Borghi were married in March 1975. Prior to her marriage to Mr. Borghi, Jeannette Borghi entered into a real estate contract to purchase property. After their marriage, a statutory warranty deed was issued to both Mr. and Mrs. Borghi, who lived on the property as their primary residence until 1990, and paid off the mortgage in 1999.

Jeannette Borghi died without a will in 2005. Under intestate succession, if the property were classified as “community property,” it would pass to Mr. Borghi. Arthur Gilroy, Mrs. Borghi’s son from a previous marriage, contended that the property was his mother's separate property, and should not pass to Mr. Borghi. The Court of Appeals (Div. I) held that early Washington Supreme Court precedent required a finding that the property was the separate property of Mrs. Borghi, as it was purchased prior to marriage. The court “reluctantly” ruled for Mr. Gilroy.

State v. Gonzalez, No. 81525-9. Does a second order of restitution constitute double jeopardy? This case is a direct appeal from Grant County Superior Court. In 2003 Robert Gonzalez attacked a man with a metal bar, seriously injured the man, and robbed him of his vehicle. As part of a judgment and sentence, Robert Gonzalez was ordered to pay $20,886 in restitution in June 2004. In June 2006, the prosecutor moved for further restitution in the amount of $25,561 to cover additional medical bills, paid from the crime victims fund.

Mr. Gonzalez objected to the second order of restitution, arguing it was beyond the 180 day statutory limit to seek restitution. The State argues that statute allows for modifications to the amount previously ordered by the trial court. Gonzalez also argues that the second order of restitution results in double jeopardy, and violates the Washington Constitution (Art. I, sec. 9) and the Fifth Amendment of U.S. Constitution. The State says a modification of an original judgment does not amount to a multiple punishment.

Ambach v. French County, No. 81107-5. Patient Teresa Ambach brought an action against her surgeon and hospital when her shoulder became infected after a surgical procedure and had to be fused. Her complaint included claims against Dr. French for professional negligence and violations of the Consumer Protection Act (CPA). As part of her CPA claim, Ms. Ambach alleged that Dr. French performed medically unnecessary surgeries for financial gain. The trial court ruled in favor of Dr. French and imposed sanctions against Ms. Ambach's attorneys. The Court of Appeals (Div. III) reversed the summary judgment and the attorney sanctions. The issue before the Supreme Court is whether a medical patient’s economic losses attributable to an allegedly unnecessary surgical procedure are recoverable under the Consumer Protection Act.

Justice Stephens has been excused from this case as she sat on the Court of Appeals when the case was heard.

In re F5 Networks, Inc., No. 81817-7. This case comes from the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington, which seeks clarification on a question of Washington law: Whether a shareholder seeking to bring a derivative action on behalf of a corporation is excused from demanding that the board of directors bring an action if such a demand would have been futile, and whether board approval or acceptance of backdated options shows futility.

March 26, 2009 (case briefs)

State v. Engel, No. 81072-9. Roger Engel was convicted of second-degree burglary. After the Court of Appeals (Div. I) upheld his conviction, he appealed to the Supreme Court arguing that to support a conviction for burglary, the State had to prove that Mr. Engel unlawfully entered a building, which is defined to include a “fenced area.” Mr. Engel was convicted for unlawfully entering the yard of Western Asphalt Company, which was only fenced on one-third of its border. Mr. Engel argues that a yard only partially enclosed by a fence cannot be a “building” as defined by the burglary statutes. See RCW 9A.04.110(5).

State v. McCormick, No. 81193-8. David McCormick, a 61-year-old indigent man confined to a wheelchair, regularly picked up food from the St. Vincent DePaul food bank in Everett. A trial court found that McCormick, by visiting this food bank which was located near a parochial grade school, had violated the conditions of his suspended sentence for first-degree rape of a child by frequenting a place where minors are known to congregate, and by failing to complete a sexual deviancy treatment program. McCormick denied knowing the food bank was near a grade school. Regardless, the trial court revoked his special sexual offender sentencing alternative, and ordered him to serve a 123 month sentence. The Court of Appeals (Div. I) affirmed. The question before the Supreme Court is whether the State must prove that a defendant willfully violated the conditions of his suspended sentence before the trial court can revoke the suspended sentence.

Today at the Court

The Court released one unanimous opinion this morning. There are no oral arguments today.

In re Pers. Restraint of McKiearnan, 81102-4. Justice Chambers writes for a unanimous Court, rejecting Michael McKiearnan's attempt to overturn his 1987 plea agreement for first degree robbery. McKiearnan had thumbed a ride and robbed and punched the driver. When he plead guilty, both the plea agreement and the judgment form had misstated the maximum sentence as "twenty (20) years to life" instead of simply, and correctly, "life." McKiearnan was sentenced to three years. The Supreme Court holds that "he was not substantively misinformed as to the maximum sentence, his judgment and sentence is not invalid on its face, and his petition is time barred." (briefs, oral argument)

Tomorrow's opinions

Tomorrow the Supreme Court will issue at least one opinion.

In re Pers. Restraint of McKiearnan, No. 81102-4. Case briefs and oral argument.

Michael McKiearnan pled guilty to first-degree robbery in 1987 after robbing a 70-year-old of his car at knife-point. At the time, the maximum sentence for first degree robbery was life and/or a $50,000 fine. Michael McKiearnan’s guilty plea and judgment both set the maximum sentence at “20 years to life.”

State law establishes a one-year limit for bringing a collateral attack on a judgment. McKiearnan argues that his judgment was invalid because it stated an incorrect maximum sentence, and that his guilty plea was involuntary because of the misinformation. McKiearnan is asking the Supreme Court to vacate the judgment and permit him to withdraw his guilty plea. He is appealing a Court of Appeals ruling that rejected his argument.

Justice Sanders responds

Washington Supreme Court Justice Richard Sanders has responded to the Seattle Post-Intelligencer's article that said he could benefit from his ruling in Yousoufian v. Sims. Justice Sanders disputes the article's implications.

The truth, however, is another matter. I will not gain from the decision; the Court’s own ethics advisor advised I need not recuse myself on public record act cases and my vote was not determinative.

. . . As the court’s ethics advisor told me, just because a judge is getting a divorce is no reason for him to be disqualified on all divorce cases. And there is another ethical provision not mentioned which states it is the ethical duty of the judge to hear cases properly before him when disqualification is not required. In general recusals are discouraged except in clear instances where recusal is required. I have recused in many cases where I thought the rules required it, but didn’t need to here.

UPDATE: I'm a day late posting this, but the Court of Appeals hearing Justice Sanders' case says it does not have the authority to apply the Yousoufian ruling to his own case.

Dissent in Brown's stay of execution

On March 12 the Supreme Court issued an order staying the execution of convicted murderer Cal Coburn Brown, by a 5-4 vote. Justice James Johnson, one of the dissenting justices, has filed an opinion in support of his vote, writing that in the 18 years since Brown murdered his victim, he has been given ample opportunity for judicial review.

Washington's judiciary budget

Last week during oral arguments in SEIU 775NW v. Gregoire, Justice James Johnson asked if the Judiciary's budget could be cut as a consequence of ruling in favor of SEIU. This question seemed to send chills down several judicial spines, and prompted this exchange between Chief Justice Alexander and Solicitor General Hart. 

 

 

The discussion prompted an obvious question: what is the Judiciary's budget? The Office of Financial Management has the proposed 2009-10 Judiciary budget. The Supreme Court's proposed budget (.pdf) is $15,652,000 -- a 6.4% increase over last year.

Separate from the budgeting process, judicial salaries are set by the Washington Citizens' Commission on Salaries for Elected Officials. Supreme Court Justices make $164,221, and are not getting a raise in the 2009-10 biennium.

This week at the Supreme Court

No oral arguments are scheduled this week. The court may release one or more opinions on March 19.

Capital punishment in Washington State

The scheduled (and subsequently delayed) execution of Cal Coburn Brown has renewed discussion about capital punishment in Washington state. State law (Chapter 10.95 RCW) governs capital punishment, and the death sentence is only imposed for convictions of aggravated first degree murder. The state utilizes two methods of capital punishment: lethal injection and hanging. Lethal injection is used unless the inmate chooses death by hanging. Since 1904, 77 men have been executed in Washington, with the most recent in 2001.

Cal Coburn Brown was convicted for the 1991 murder of 22-year-old Holly Washa. Brown was scheduled to die by lethal injection on March 13, 2009. On March 11, Thurston County Superior Court Judge Chris Wickham denied Brown’s motion to stay his execution, pending the outcome of a consolidated case, in which an inmate is challenging the constitutionality of death lethal injection. On appeal, the Washington State Supreme Court stayed Brown’s execution while the constitutionality of the state’s lethal injection policy is resolved.

The Washington Constitution, Art. I, sec. 14, prohibits “cruel punishment.” The state Supreme Court has treated this phrase as generally equivalent to the federal counterpart that prohibits “cruel and unusual punishment.” Numerous Washington court decisions have held that capital punishment is not unconstitutional, State v. Yates (2007), and death by hanging does not constitute “cruel punishment.” State v. Frampton (1981).

Cal Coburn Brown, and fellow inmate Darold Ray Stenson, are challenging the state Department of Correction policy for lethal injection (pdf), arguing that the procedure can result in extreme pain for the condemned, and thus violates the state and federal prohibitions. Thurston County Superior Court is scheduled to hear argument in this matter May 2009.

Judicial political contributions

The issue of money in judicial elections is a hot one right now. It’s the subject of Supreme Court cases, John Grisham novels, and legislative proposals. But what about the issue of judicial money in elections? Turns out Washington State Supreme Court justices contribute modest sums during campaign season. Who do they give money to? Who gives the most? Who gets the most from colleagues? (Details after the jump.)

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Supreme Court orders stay of execution

Just days after denying a petition, the Supreme Court has agreed to stay the execution of Cal Coburn Brown, scheduled for March 13, following consolidation with another case challenging the constitutionality of lethal injection. The order is signed by Justice Charles Johnson, with Alexander, Owens, Fairhurst, and James Johnson dissenting.

The Department of Corrections has information about capital punishment in Washington state.

UPDATE: The Associated Press has more details about the stay of execution.

Former Supreme Court justice urges abolishing the death penalty

With the imminent execution of convicted murderer Cal Coburn Brown, retired Washington State Supreme Court Justice Robert F. Utter says Washington state should abandon the death penalty. I've long been an admirer of Justice Utter's insights on the constitution, but I learned something new from his Seattle Times op-ed: he resigned in 1995 after 23 years on the court to protest the death penalty.

Brown files motion to prevent March 13 execution

From the Office of the Attorney General.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
March 11, 2009

Brown files motion for review to State Supreme Court

OLYMPIA—Convicted murderer Cal Coburn Brown has filed a motion for discretionary review with the Washington State Supreme Court seeking to prevent his scheduled execution on the morning of March 13.

The Attorney General’s Office will file its response this evening. It is anticipated the Supreme Court will issue its ruling tomorrow.

The Washington State Clemency & Pardons Board will hear Brown’s request for clemency tomorrow at its regularly scheduled monthly meeting at 1 p.m.

Today at the Court

The Court released opinions in two cases this morning and will hear oral argument today in four others.

Opinions

State v. Fisher, No. 79801-0. A unanimous Court reverses the Court of Appeals and grants criminal defendant Fisher a new trial. The opinion by Justice Fairhurst determines that "prosecutorial misconduct denied Fisher a fair trial." The prosecutor introduced evidence without providing proper notice to the defense and introduced evidence in violation of a pretrial ruling. Fisher had been convicted on four counts of child molestation. Justice Madsen writes a concurrence, sugesting that the real problem with Fisher's trial was the trial court's decision to allow testimony about allegations not directly related to the criminal charges. (State v. Fisher briefs, oral argument)

Brogan & Anensen LLC v. Lamphiea, No. 81825-8. Beware of forms with unchecked boxes. In a per curiam opinion, the Court reverses and remands to the trial court. In a real estate transaction, buyer Brogan & Anensen had orally promised to allow the seller, Lamphiea, to retain posession of the property for a year. The contract form had three options for "possession date," each with a box beside it, but none were checked. Thus, the Court finds the contract ambiguous as to the possession date and holds that the lower court's application of the parol evidence rule to preclude evidence of the oral argreement was improper.

Oral Argument

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Tomorrow's opinions

The Supreme Court will issue at least two opinions tomorrow.

State v. Fisher, No. 79801-0. Timothy Scott Fisher, a criminal defendant, argues he was denied a fair trial due to incomplete jury instruction, improper admission of past misconduct, denial of Confrontation Clause rights, and prosecutorial misconduct.

Brogan & Anensen LLC v. Lamphiea, No. 81825-8. Brogan & Anensen purchased a piece of land from Wayne Lamphiear. More than six months after the sale closed, Lamphiear was still living on the property. Brogan & Anensen filed a lawsuit for breach of contract.

Argument recap: SEIU 775NW v. Gregoire

“Counsel, in this case, isn’t the focus really on what does ‘must’ mean?” Justice Mary Fairhurst’s question gets to the heart of SEIU 775NW v. Gregoire.

Petitioners SEIU 775NW claims that state law requires the governor to include in her budget a request for funds any negotiated union contract (if certified as financially feasible) or any award resulting from interest arbitration. SEIU 775NW and the governor’s office were unable to reach an agreement for the 2009-11 budget, and an arbitrator awarded the union’s workers a raise and fringe benefits amounting to $87 million. The governor failed to include the amount in her budget, something the union says the governor “must” do. Arguments yesterday focused on whether “must” in the statute is a mandatory obligation upon the governor, or if it is a permissive suggestion, subject to the governor’s discretion.

The justices are wrestling with the real-world consequences of ruling for either party. If the court rules for SEIU, the court is ordering the governor to return to the drawing board and make significant cuts to her budget. Not only that, but such an order seems to invade the governor’s duties and could be a violation of separation of power. But if the court rules for Gregoire, the plain reading of a statute is muddied.

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Live blog: SEIU 775NW v. Gregoire

Justice Sanders and the Public Records Act

In January, Justice Richard B. Sanders authored an opinion that provided trial courts guidelines for assessing the severity of penalties when public agencies violate the Public Records Act. Yousoufian v. Office of Sims, 200 P.3d 232 (2009).

The Seattle Post-Intelligencer reports today that Justice Sanders could benefit from the ruling in his own public records lawsuit. Experts are mixed on whether this is appropriate. Several law professors say Sanders should not have participated in the Yousoufian case. Sanders says the law applies equally to all people, even judges. Sanders also said the Supreme Court’s ethics expert told him in May 2006 it was not necessary to recuse himself from public records cases.

I’ll let other folks comment on the ethical implications, but it’s worth noting that Sanders has been a consistent advocate for open, transparent government, so it’s hard to say his opinion in Yousoufian was a departure motivated out of personal gain. For example:

  • Hangartner v. City of Seattle, 151 Wash.2d 439 (2004). Supreme Court ruled that records requests can be overbroad, and attorney-client privilege applies to records requests. (Sanders dissented.)
  • Yousoufian v. Office of Ron Sims, 152 Wash.2d 421 (2004). Supreme Court ruled trial courts must assess a per-day (but not per-record) penalty for each day a record is wrongfully withheld. (Sanders dissented, calling for per-record penalty.)
  • Koenig v. City of Des Moines, 158 Wash.2d 173 (2006). Supreme Court ruled the father of a child victim of sexual assault was entitled to police department records related to victim's case. (Sanders wrote majority.)
  • Soter v. Cowles Pub. Co., 162 Wash.2d 716 (2007) Supreme Court ruled a school district's investigation of a student death not subject to the Public Records Act (Sanders dissented.)
  • Bellevue John Does 1-11 v. Bellevue School Dist. #405, 164 Wash.2d 199 (2008). Supreme Court ruled the names of teachers alleged to have committed sexual misconduct against students are not subject to disclosure. (Sanders dissented.)

 UPDATE: Justice Sanders has responded to the P-I.

Today at the Court

Oral arguments are scheduled today in four cases. (Docket schedule here, briefs for the cases here)

During the morning session (starting at 9:00 a.m.), the Court will hear:

In re Parentage of Frazier, No. 81043-5 This case is on appeal from Division One Court of Appeals, and originated in Snohomish County Superior Court. The question before the court is whether a stepparent qualifies as a common law de facto parent, with the accompanying rights and responsibilities.

The trial court ruled that the petitioner, a stepfather, could and did prove that he qualified as a de facto parent for his teenage stepdaughter, relying in part on precedent from In re Parentage of L.B. 155 Wash.2d 679 (2006), in which cohabiting lesbians who had parented since their child's birth were found to be de facto parents. Court of Appeals reversed, finding that stepparents have other statutory remedies and cannot claim de facto parent status based on the Parentage of L.B. decision.

Ames v. Wash. State Health Dep’t Med. Quality Assurance Comm’n, No. 80644-6. This case is on appeal from Division Three Court of Appeals, and originated from a Department of Health administrative hearing order, later upheld by the Benton County Superior Court. The question before the court is whether expert testimony is necessary in a disciplinary proceeding before the Medical Quality Assurance Commission when the commission panel is not comprised solely of licensed physicians.

The commission in question, comprised of a physician, a physician’s assistant and a member of the public, found the petitioner to have violated several laws by his use of a medical instrument to identify food allergies.

During the afternoon session (starting at 1:30 p.m.), the Court will hear:

Shafer v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., No. 81049-4. This case is on appeal from Division One Court of Appeals, and originated from a decision by the Department of Labor and Industries to not re-open a disability claim from 2000. The Department's decision was upheld by the Board of Industrial Appeals and King County Superior Court, but reversed by the Court of Appeals. The question before the Court is whether an order closing an industrial insurance claim based on an independent medical examination must be communicated to the worker’s attending physician in order to trigger the time period for administratively appealing the order.

SEIU Healthcare 775NW v. Gregoire, No. 82551-3. This case originates from a writ of mandamus filed with the Supreme Court. The question before the court is whether the governor violated collective bargaining law by failing to include a request for funding for negotiated union contracts in her budget proposal. The petitioner wants the Court to order Governor Gregoire to withdraw her budget and submit a new one that includes a request for funds necessary to fulfill the negotiated contracts.

Check back at 2:15 today for a live blog of the oral arguments in the SEIU case.
 

Argument preview: SEIU 775NW v. Gregoire

(Scheduling note: be sure to return today at 2:15, when we will live blog today's argument.)

The underlying reality in this case is that Washington state currently faces a major budget crisis, with a projected $8 billion deficit. As a result, Governor Gregoire declined to include in her budget proposal pay increases for several classes of public employees.

SEIU 775NW says the governor violated state law by failing to include the union’s arbitrated agreement in her budget (for a cost of more than $87 million). Gov. Gregoire argues she has discretion to table public employee raises when they are not financially feasible.

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Supreme Court denies petition to stay execution

In two orders filed this afternoon, the Washington Supreme Court has denied petitions to stay the execution of Cal Coburn Brown, who was convicted for the 1991 murder of Holly Washa.

Live blog: Tuesday at 2:15

Tomorrow we are live blogging oral arguments in the case of SEIU Healthcare 775NW v. Gregoire, No. 82551-3. The case deals with the question of whether the governor violated state law by refusing to fund union contracts in her budget proposal.This case could significantly impact state budget discussions.

Arguments will begin between 2:15 p.m. and 2:30. We'll be here covering it for you.

Seattle Times blasts Brown v. Owen ruling

It’s good to be king lieutenant governor. That’s the conclusion from a Seattle Times editorial about last week’s ruling in Brown v. Owen.

Lt. Gov. Brad Owen, as president of the state Senate, refused to rule that the state’s two-thirds vote threshold for tax increases was unconstitutional. Sen. Lisa Brown took the question to the Supreme Court, which declined to interfere in what it called an “intrahouse dispute.”

The Seattle Times editorial says that the Supreme Court’s deferral places too much power in Owen's parliamentary role. “That's heady authority in a year when the lawmakers are talking about raising taxes to help close an $8 billion budget deficit.”

This editorial may exaggerate the lieutenant governor’s power. As Justice Fairhurst pointed out, any senator who disagrees with the president’s ruling on a point of order may appeal, and the members of the Senate can overturn the ruling with a simple majority vote. Furthermore, the legislature can—and has on several occasions—suspend the two-thirds requirement. Ultimately, the legislature can repeal the barrier to tax increases with a simple majority vote.

I agree that our checks-and-balances system requires the courts to police legislative abuses, and courts shouldn’t act as legislative rubberstamp committees. But this particular act of judicial restraint, in my opinion, was appropriate. (Note: Publishers of this blog filed an amicus brief in support of the two-thirds requirement.)

This week at the Supreme Court

Opinions may be released in one or more cases on March 12.

Oral arguments are scheduled for the following cases.

March 10 (briefs for the cases here)

In re Parentage of Frazier, No. 81043-5. Whether a stepparent can be a common law de facto parent with the rights and responsibilities attendant to parentage.

Ames v. Wash. State Health Dep’t Med. Quality Assurance Comm’n, No. 80644-6. Whether expert testimony is necessary in a disciplinary proceeding before the Medical Quality Assurance Commission when the commission panel is not comprised solely of licensed physicians.

Shafer v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., No. 81049-4. Whether an order closing an industrial insurance claim based on an independent medical examination must be communicated to the worker’s attending physician in order to trigger the time period for administratively appealing the order.

SEIU Healthcare 775NW v. Gregoire, No. 82551-3. Whether the governor violated collective bargaining law by failing to include a request for funding for negotiated union contracts in her budget proposal.

March 12 (briefs for the cases here)

Noble v. Safe Harbor Family Pres. Trust, No. 80873-2. Whether, in an action to condemn a private way of necessity, the trial court may order the condemnee to pay the attorney fees of a third party who the condemnor joined in the suit.

Campbell v. Ticor Title Insurance Company, No. 80999-2. Whether a title insurance policy exclusion for easements not disclosed in the public record relieved an insurer of its duty to defend a lawsuit brought to reform the insured’s deed to include an easement formerly recorded in a neighbor’s title.

State v. Kilgore, No. 81020-6. Whether, on remand after the reversal of two of seven convictions, the defendant was entitled to challenge reimposition of the original exceptional sentence.

State v. Fry, No. 81210-1. Whether a diagnosed condition of severe anxiety, anger, and depression qualified a defendant to use marijuana for medicinal purposes in defense to a charge of unlawful possession of marijuana.

Is a sports stadium a public good?

The Supreme Court thinks so. Zack Lowe at The Am Law Daily has a good summary of yesterday's Safeco field ruling.

For more on that question, check out CLEAN v. State, 130 Wash.2d 782 (1996). The Stadium Act provided public financing for the construction of Safeco Field, and included an "emergency clause" which shields legislation from referendum. Emergency clauses declare an act "necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, support of the state government and its existing public institutions." The Supreme Court upheld that particular emergency declaration.

Lt. Gov. Owen disappointed with his win yesterday

Lt. Gov. Brad Owen won a unanimous decision yesterday in Brown v. Owen (No. 81287-0), but you wouldn't know it from his comments. As lieutenant governor, Owen presides over the Senate. During the 2008 session, Sen. Lisa Brown asked Owen to declare as unconstitutional the requirement that tax increases pass with a two-thirds vote. Owen professed agreement with Brown, but refused to to make a constitutional ruling. Brown then sued Owen to force passage of the bill.

Asked yesterday about the ruling, Lt. Gov. Owen had sharp words about the Supreme Court's decision to avoid the constitutional question. "I didn’t agree with them," he said. "I think it was an issue they should have ruled on. … I felt it was something that needed to have a finer interpretation, rather than punting. I thought Brown made a good point. That’s why we needed an interpretation."

The Olympian's Brad Shannon has the story here. Joe Turner at the TNT thinks legislative Democrats breathed a collective sigh of relief.

More on Brown v. Owen

The third time’s not a charm for opponents of Initiative 601. Today’s ruling in Brown v. Owen, No. 81287-0, is the latest in a series of challenges against the measure, but the Washington State Supreme Court has declined to review its constitutionality three separate times.

Initiative 601 (the Taxpayer Protection Act) was approved by voters in 1993. The measure limited the rate of growth of state spending, required tax increases to be approved by a two-thirds vote of each house, and required any tax increase that would exceed the established spending limit to be sent to the voters for approval.

Before I-601 took effect, a coalition of advocacy groups, legislators, and citizens filed a writ of mandamus to prevent implementation. Walker v. Munro, 124 Wn.2d 402 (1994). The Supreme Court declined, holding that mandamus was inappropriate, and the petitioners’ claim was premature, as Initiative 601 had not taken effect. The Court suggested the legislature could amend the initiative to prevent any anticipated harms.  More after the jump…

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Welcome to the Supreme Court of Washington Blog!

We are publishing this blog to assist citizens, practitioners, and journalists who want to follow the cases before our state’s high court.

Why a blog about a state Supreme Court? Over the last 30 years there has been a growing recognition of the importance of state courts. In fact, this is the genius of our nation’s federalist system. Very few cases make it to the U.S. Supreme Court, but thousands of cases reach their final resolution in state supreme courts. Among these courts, the Washington State Supreme Court was recently named one of the most influential in the country.

Careful analysis is especially relevant in a state where Supreme Court justices are elected. Voters usually face great difficulty deciphering a candidate’s record, qualifications, and judicial philosophy. The information we aggregate over time will allow voters to retrieve every opinion each justice has written from this point forward.

Readers can expect several regular features. We plan to review new cases the court accepts, preview oral arguments, and analyze opinions the court hands down. Special features will include a monthly audio podcast to discuss significant items, and the occasional “live-blog” to follow oral arguments in high-profile cases. Along the way, we’ll cover noteworthy news about the court and its members.

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BREAKING: Supreme Court rules against Sen. Lisa Brown in I-601 challenge

Sen. Lisa Brown brought a lawsuit to invalidate the state's two-thirds vote requirement for tax increases, which was adopted by Initiative 601 in 1993. The case started in 2008 when Sen. Brown filed a writ of mandamus against Lt. Gov. Brad Owen after he declined to approve a tax increase bill that did not receive the required two-thirds vote. Sen. Brown argued the supermajority vote requirement was unconstitutional under Art. II, Sec. 22 of the Washington Constitution.

The Supreme Court unanimously ruled against Sen. Brown today in an opinion by Justice Mary Fairhurst, saying that the judiciary cannot interfere in an internal legislative process. The court declined to address the constitutionality of the supermajority vote requirement.

The unanimous decision is especially significant considering previous statements by Chief Justice Alexander and Justice Chambers (he of the "elephant in the court" opinion) that revealed their dislike of I-601. I would have expected at least a dissent or concurring opinion in the Brown case.

Case documents and timeline can be found here.

(Note: Publishers of this blog filed an amicus brief in support of the state in this action.)

UPDATE: Kris Tefft at AWB applauds the ruling, Jason Mercier at WPC wishes he had put down money on his predicted outcome, and Andrew Villeneuve at NPI suggests that the legislature and Gov. Gregoire could force the constitutionality issue with an act of "cooperative civil disobedience." The Amateur Law Prof calls it a "stunning punt." My own analysis can be found here.

Introductions

The first episode of our accompanying podcast is up. Jonathan, Trent and I tell listeners what to expect from the podcast and the blog.

Supreme Court of Washington Podcast - Episode 1 - Introductions.

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Today at the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court has issued a ruling in WA State Major League Baseball Stadium Public Facilities District v. Huber, Hunt & Nichols-Kiewit Construction, No. 81029-0. The Public Facilities District initiated the action to recover damages for SAFECO Field construction defects. The construction company ("HK") claimed the action was barred by the 6-year statute of limitations, and the trial court awarded summary judgment in the company's favor.

The Supreme Court reversed the trial court's order and remanded the case for further proceedings. Justice Debra Stephens, writing the 6-3 majority decision, said that construction of Safeco Field by the PFD involves the exercise of sovereign power, and claims based on its construction fall within the "for the benefit of the state" exemption to the statute of limitations. Justice Richard Sanders dissented, protesting that "[c]onstruction of a professional baseball stadium for private profit is certainly not 'for the benefit of the state' as that phrase is understood in our case law." Justices Tom Chambers and James Johnson joined Sanders' dissent.

UPDATE: The Washington Construction Law Blog, published by Davis Wright Tremaine, has more information about the case here.

Tomorrow's opinions

Tomorrow the Supreme Court will issue a ruling in WA State Major League Baseball Stadium Public Facilities District v. Huber, Hunt & Nichols-Kiewit Construction, No. 81029-0. The Public Facilities District initiated the action to recover damages for SAFECO Field construction defects. 

Citizens' Alliance for Property Rights v. Sims, No. 82106-2

In 2004, King County adopted a "Clearing and Grading Critical Areas Ordinance" pursuant to Washington's Grown Management Act. The Ordinance would prevent the use of up to 65% of individual parcels of rural-zoned property. Five King County landowners and the Citizens Alliance for Property Rights (CAPR) sued the County and lost at the trial court.

On appeal, Division I Judge Ronald Cox reversed the trial court and held that King County's ordinance "imposes clearing requirements that are an in kind indirect tax, fee, or charge on development," falling afoul of RCW 82.02.020 and violating the proportionality requirement of Dolan v. City of Tigard.

Amidst yesterday's orders, the Supreme Court denied King County's appeal. The Seattle Times headline: "Big court victory for rural property owners."

Supreme Court orders for 3/3/09

The Supreme Court granted review in seven cases yesterday. Orders here.

  • Momah v. Bharti, No. 82059-7
  • State v. Peterson, No. 82089-9
  • State v. Nonog, No. 82094-5
  • State v. Kelley, No. 82111-9
  • Waples v. Yi, No. 82142-9
  • State v. Sandoval, No. 82175-5
  • State v. Sanchez, No. 82180-1

Details after the jump.

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Should judges recuse themselves from cases involving campaign donors?

"Yes," say retired Supreme Court Justice Robert Utter and attorney Charlie Wiggins. The two have an opinion piece in the Seattle Times arguing for mandatory recusal. The issue comes up because of a case out of West Virginia.

The U.S. Supreme Court is considering the question in Caperton v. Massey, in which a judge who benefited from $3 million in support refused to withdraw from the case. He then voted with two other judges to reverse a $50 million jury verdict against the company. The court will hear argument Tuesday and decide by the end of June whether the judge's participation in the case violated the due process right to an impartial judge.

Could this happen in Washington? Justice Utter and Mr. Wiggins point to judicial campaign spending in our state, which hit record levels in 2006. The authors call for a solution.

A proposed Washington state court rule now under consideration would require a judge to step down from a case if a party provided the judge with substantial campaign support. The rule is based on totaling all money spent by a party (or a party's lawyer) to support a judge's election.

Nearly half of the states in the U.S. elect their judges, so the Supreme Court's ruling will have a signficant impact.

TVW interview with Justice Charles Johnson

TVW's legal affairs program The Docket features an interview with Supreme Court Justice Charles Johnson, the court's senior member.